RXR-MC200BD Ukuqhuma-ubungqina boMlilo wokuLwa iRobhothi yokuFumana

Ingcaciso yeMveliso
I-RXR-MC200BD-ubungqina bokudubula kwerobhothi yokucima umlilo luhlobo lwerobhothi ekhethekileyo.Isebenzisa amandla ebhetri ye-lithium njengomthombo wamandla kwaye isebenzisa i-remote control engenazintambo ukulawula ukude i-robot yokucima umlilo.Irobhothi ubukhulu becala yenziwe ngumzimba werobhothi, inkanunu yamanzi equkuqelayo enkulu, i-infrared-proof dual-vision pan/tilt, i-audio kunye nevidiyo, ukujongwa kwegesi eyityhefu kunye neyingozi, kunye ne-remote control ephathwayo ngesandla.Isebenza kwimililo kuhola wendlela (kuloliwe) itonela;imililo kwizikhululo zikaloliwe kunye neetonela;imililo kwizibonelelo eziphantsi komhlaba kunye neeyadi zempahla;imililo kwiindawo ezibanzi kunye neendawo ezinkulu.Ifaneleke ngakumbi imililo kwiidepho zeoyile ye-petrochemical kunye nokucoca;ukuhlaselwa kunye nokuvala iithagethi zomlilo eziyingozi;ukulwa nomlilo kunye nokuhlangula imililo engafikelelekiyo.Le mveliso inemisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo, i-audio kunye nevidiyo, ukubonwa kwegesi enobuthi kunye neyingozi, kunye nokuhlaziywa kokusingqongileyo kwiindawo zentlekele;

Ubungakanani besicelo
● Amashishini amakhulu epetrochemical, itonela kunye nohlangulo lomlilo kaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba
● Ukuhlangulwa kwindawo yemililo eyingozi yeekhemikhali okanye imililo eshinyeneyo yomsi
● Ukuhlangulwa kweoyile, irhasi, ukuvuza kwegesi enetyhefu kunye nogqabhuko-dubulo kwindawo, itonela, ukuwa kukaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba, njl.

Iimbonakalo
1. ★Isakhono esinamandla sokucima umlilo
Uyilo lwe-cannon yamanzi ye-duckbill enkulu inokutshintsha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokutshiza kwamanzi, ukuhamba kwe-spray kunokulungiswa, kwaye uluhlu luphezulu, olunokuthi luhlangabezane nomsebenzi wokulwa nomlilo kwiindawo ezinkulu.
2.★Inqanaba eliphezulu lokhuseleko
Umgangatho wokhuseleko jikelele yi-IP67
Ibanga lokhuseleko lweChassis yi-IP68
3.★Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokubhaqwa kwerhasi enetyhefu neyingozi
Ukuya kuthi ga kwiintlobo ezi-8 zeegesi, iintlobo ezi-2 zeeparamitha zokusingqongileyo
4. ★Amandla awomeleleyo
Ubuchule obunamandla bokutsala imibhobho, inokutsala imibhobho engama-6 80 ngexesha elinye
5. ★Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezininzi
Inemisebenzi yokucima umlilo, ukuqaphela, ukuthuthwa, ngokukodwa ukuthuthwa kwezixhobo zokuhlangula kunye nezinto ezifana nezixhobo ze-hose (ezifana ne-hose, i-mask yegesi, i-air pressure breathing apparatus, iimpahla zokukhusela umlilo, izixhobo zokuhlangula kunye nezinye izixhobo)
6. ★Ukufikelela kwi-robot networked cloud platform
Ulwazi lwexesha langempela lemeko yendawo yerobhothi, amandla, iaudio, ividiyo, ulwazi lokubona indawo yegesi, njl. njl., inokudluliselwa kwilifu ngenethiwekhi ye-4G / 5G, kwaye inokujongwa kwi-PC yangasemva kunye ne-terminal terminals.

Iinkcukacha eziphambili
4.1 Iyonke irobhothi:
1. Igama: Irobhothi yolwazi yokulwa nomlilo engaqhumi
2. Umzekelo: RXR-MC200BD
3. Imisebenzi esisiseko: ukucinywa komlilo, ukuphinda kubonwe ngesandi kunye nevidiyo, ukuphononongwa kwerhasi eyityhefu neyingozi, ukuphononongwa kokusingqongileyo kwiindawo zentlekele;
4. Ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho yoshishino lokhuseleko lomlilo: “GA 892.1-2010 Iirobhothi zoMlilo iSigaba 1 IiMfuno eziBanzi zobuGcisa”
5. Ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho yobungqina bokuqhuma: GB3836.1 2010 "INdawo eNgqobhokileyo iSigaba 1: IiMfuno ngokuBanzi kwiZixhobo", ngokuhambelana ne-GB3836.I-1-2010 "iNdawo eNgqobhokileyo yeNdawo ye-2: Izixhobo ezikhuselwe yi-Flameproof Enclosures", CB3836.4 2010 ” Indawo eqhumayo iSigaba sesi-4: Isixhobo sokhuseleko sangaphakathi esikhuselekileyo soMgangatho weSizwe
6.★Uhlobo olunobungqina bokudubula: Exd [ib] Ⅱ B T4 Gb yerobhothi yonke (le parameter ihambelana nengxelo yokuhlolwa kweZiko leSizwe loLondolozo lweMveliso yoKhuseleko noLondolozo loMgodi wamalahle)
7. ★Inqanaba lokhuselo: inqanaba lokhuseleko lomzimba werobhothi yi-IP68, kwaye inqanaba lokhuseleko lendawo ephezulu yerobhothi yi-IP67 (le parameter ihambelana nengxelo yovavanyo lweZiko loVavanyo lweZiko loPhando lwamalahle laseChina)
8. Amandla: umbane, ibhetri ye-lithium
9.★Ubungakanani: ubude 2800mm×ububanzi 1730mm×ubude 1470mm
10. ★Idayamitha yokulawula: ukujika endaweni
11.★Ubunzima: 2800kg
12. ★Amandla okutsala: 20000N
13. Umgama wokutsala: ≥100m (ukutsala imibhobho emibini etyetyisiweyo ye-DN80)
14.★Ubuninzi bokuhamba: 200L/s (150L/s～200L/s uhlengahlengiso lokuhamba)
15. ★Eyona santya sisezantsi: ≥1.6m/s, iremote control isantya esingena step
16. ★ Isixa esithe ngqo sokutenxa: ≤ 2%
17.★Ubuchule bokunyuka: 84% (okanye 40°)
18. Umqobo wokunqumla ubude: 400mm,
19. Roll uzinzo angle: ≥40 degrees
20. ★Ubunzulu beWade: 600mm (ukuntywiliselwa kwiatmospheri emanzini iyure enye ngaphandle kwamanzi)
21. Ixesha eliqhubekayo lokuhamba: 3h
22. Ixesha lokusebenza lokuthembeka: kwiiyure ze-16 zokuzinza okuqhubekayo kunye nokuvavanya ukuthembeka
23. Umgama wokulawula kude: 1110m
24. Umgama wokuhanjiswa kwevidiyo: 1110m
25. ★Umthamo womthwalo: isakhelo esizithwalayo, esinokuthutha izixhobo zokuhlangula kwindawo yentlekele (ezifana nethumbu, isigqubuthelo serhasi, isiphefumlo somoya esinoxinzelelo olulungileyo, iimpahla zokukhusela umlilo, izixhobo zokuhlangula kunye nezinye izixhobo);inokutsalwa Ukuthwala isithuthi sokuhlangula ukuya kwindawo yokuhlangula;inokutsala imiqobo kwiringi yokutsala
26. ★Umsebenzi wokubek' iliso wePanoramic: unokubonisa ukude umfanekiso we-360-degree yomzimba werobhothi (le parameter ihambelana nengxelo yovavanyo yeZiko loHlolo loMgangatho weSizwe weZixhobo zoMlilo kunye noHlolo)
27. ★ Umsebenzi wokubonisa isimo sengqondo: ukubonwa kwexesha lokwenene kwi-engile ye-robot, i-angle ye-roll, kunye ne-azimuth angle, ukuze umqhubi azame ukubamba isimo se-robot, kwaye abuyisele ixabiso kwi-terminal yokulawula kude kumyalelo olandelayo ochanekileyo. ukusebenza (le parameter inxulumene nomgangatho wezixhobo zokukhusela umlilo wesizwe Ingxelo yokuhlola yeziko lokulawula kunye nokuhlola iyahambelana)
28. Umsebenzi wokuphepha umqobo ozimeleyo: Xa uhlangabezana nemiqobo ngaphakathi kweemitha ezi-2 ngaphambili, isantya sinqanyuliwe, kwaye xa udibana nemiqobo ngaphakathi kwemitha ye-1, iya kuyeka ngokuzenzekelayo ukuya phambili.
29.★Umsebenzi wokupholisa wokutshiza ngokuzenzekelayo: Unomgangatho wesithathu wekhethini wamanzi ozitshizayo uyilo, etshiza kwaye ipholise umzimba werobhothi ukwenza umkhusane wamanzi ogqume irobhothi yonke, iqinisekisa ukuba ibhetri, imotor, inkqubo yokulawula kunye nesitshixo. amacandelo erobhothi akwintsebenzo eqhelekileyo kwindawo yobushushu obuphezulu;abasebenzisi banokwenza ngokwezifiso ubushushu be-alam (le parameter ihambelana nengxelo yovavanyo yeZiko loLondolozo loMgangatho weSizwe soMlilo kunye neZiko lokuHlola)
30. Ukuveliswa kwamandla okuzenzekelayo kunye nomsebenzi wokunciphisa i-recoil: Eyona moto yerobhothi ithatha i-braking yokuvelisa amandla, okuguqula amandla okubuyisela kumandla ombane kwisitshizi somlilo sokucima;
31.★Irobhothi erhuqayo: Isigaqi serobhothi esilwa nomlilo kufuneka senziwe ngerabha engatshiyo lidangatye, anti-static kunye nobushushu obuphezulu (le parameter ihambelana nengxelo yohlolo yoKhuseleko lweMveliso yoKhuseleko eMgodini weSizwe woMgodi wamalahle kwaye Iziko loHlolo);ingaphakathi le-crawler yintsimbi ye-skeleton;inoyilo lokunqanda ukutyhutyha i-crawler;
32. Umsebenzi wokuqhina wamabhanti angangeni manzi (ukhetho): ngokusebenzisa ubume bendalo obuphindwe kabini, inokujikeleziswa ngamadigri angama-360 ukuthintela ibhanti lamanzi ukuba liqhine.
33. I-automatic hose off function (ukhetho): umsebenzi wokulawula kude uqaphela umbhobho ozenzekelayo, uqinisekisa ukuba i-robot inokubuya ngokukhawuleza emva kokugqiba umsebenzi.
34. I-terminal yokulawula: i-terminal ephathwayo elawulwa kude kunye nomfanekiso odibeneyo kunye nedatha

4.2 Inkqubo yokucima umlilo yerobhothi:
1. Imonitha yomlilo: ijoni yomlilo ephuma kumazwe angaphandle
2. Uhlobo lwe-arhente yokucima umlilo: amanzi okanye i-foam
3. Izinto eziphathekayo: umpu umzimba-intsimbi engatyiwa, intloko yompu-aluminiyam ingxubevange oxidation nzima
4. Uxinzelelo lokusebenza (Mpa): 1.0～1.4 (Mpa)
5. Indlela yokutshiza: i-flat duckbill water spray, i-current ngqo, i-foam ephantsi yokwandisa
6.★Umlinganiselo wokuhamba kwamanzi/ugwebu: 200L/s (150L/s～200L/s uhlengahlengiso lokuhamba)
7. Uluhlu (m): ≥105m (amanzi);≥100m (ugwebu)
8.★Iengile yokujikeleza: ethe tye -45°～45°, nkqo 0°～90°
9. Ubuninzi be-angle yokutshiza: isitshizi esisicaba, esigubungela indawo ebanzi yeemitha ezingama-45
10. Umbhobho we-foam: I-tube ye-foam inokutshintshwa.Indlela yokubuyisela ithungelwe uqhagamshelwano olukhawulezayo.Imonitha yamanzi omlilo inokutshiza amanzi, ugwebu kunye nolwelo oluxutyiweyo, ngoko ingasetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi, kwaye akukho mfuneko yakutshintsha phakathi kwe-DC kunye ne-duckbill flattening Susa isilinda sogwebu.
4.3 Inkqubo yokuFumana iRobhothi:
Ngokucwangcisa izixhobo zegesi, iimodyuli zokujonga indalo, iikhamera ze-infrared, i-360 ° i-patrol ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kunye neenkqubo ze-infrared thermal imaging systems, ii-pickups kunye nezinye izixhobo ezixhonywe kwisithuthi, ziyakwazi ukubona kude iigesi ezinobuthi kunye neziyingozi kwindawo yengozi, iimeko zokusingqongileyo kwindawo yentlekele. , ividiyo, kunye nesandi;cwangcisa ubungqina bokuqhuma Iqonga lokunyuswa lixhotyiswe ngee-sensor zokubona imeko-bume kunye neekhamera ukuqonda umlinganiselo kunye nohlalutyo lwegesi enetyhefu enokutsha, i-audio kunye nevidiyo, kunye nokusingqongileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo ezahlukeneyo kwisiza;
1. ★Ubumbeko lwenkqubo yolwazi: Iikhamera ezi-5 ze-infrared ezixhonywe kwisithuthi, i-infrared-proof-proof-proof-proof 360° patroli ebonakalayo ebonakalayo kunye ne-infrared thermal imaging system, 1 multi-parameter tester, 1 ubushushu kunye nesixhobo sokubona ukufuma.
2. ★Ubude obunyuswayo beqonga eliphakamisa uqhushumbo: ubude bokuqala: 1370mm, ubude emva kokunyuswa: 2170mm
3. ★Imodyuli yokubona igesi kunye nokusingqongileyo: ixhotyiswe ngenkqubo yokukhangela ukusasazwa ngokukhawuleza kunye neqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma, enokubona: CO2: 0-5% VOL
CH4: 0-100%VOL
CO: 0-1000ppm
H2S: 0-100ppm
CL2: 0-1000ppm
NH3: 0-100ppm
O2: 0-30% O2
H2: 0-1000ppm
Uluhlu lobushushu: -25°C ukuya ku-60°C
Uluhlu lokufuma: 0% RH ukuya kwi-90% RH
I-4. Umsebenzi wokulinganisa ubushushu be-infrared: Izinzwa zokulinganisa ubushushu be-infrared zixhotyiswe ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwemoto ukujonga ubushushu bangaphakathi bomzimba wemoto kunye nobushushu bentsimi (-50-350 ° C)
4.4 Ividiyo yerobhothi kunye nokuqonda okuvakalayo:
1.★ Inani kunye nokucwangciswa kweekhamera: Inkqubo yevidiyo yenziwe ngeekhamera ze-5 ezichanekileyo ze-infrared kwi-infrared emzimbeni, oqaphela umgama wokubukela kwicala langaphambili kunye nemifanekiso ye-360 ye-panoramic yomzimba we-robot;Ikwaxhotyiswe nge-360 ° yokujikeleza kokukhanya okubonakalayo kunye ne-infrared thermal imaging system ukubona umthombo wobushushu kunye nokulandela umkhondo.
2. Ukukhanya kwekhamera: Ikhamera emzimbeni inokubonelela ngemifanekiso ecacileyo phantsi kwe-0.001LUX ukukhanya okuphantsi, kunye ne-anti-shake enamandla;ikhamera kufuneka ikwazi ukubamba ngokufanelekileyo nangokucacileyo imeko yescene ekukhanyisweni kwe-zero, kwaye ibonise kwiscreen se-LCD se-terminal esebenzayo.
3. ★Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso wePanorama: unokubonisa ukude imifanekiso ye-360-degree yomzimba werobhothi
4. Iipikseli zekhamera: imifanekiso yesigidi yenkcazo ephezulu, isisombululo 1080P, i-angle-angle ebanzi 60°
5. ★ inqanaba lokhuseleko lwekhamera: IP68
6. Iimfuno zobugcisa zokuqokelela isandi: ingqokelela ekude yesandi kwisiza, kulula ukuyiqonda imeko yabantu ababanjiweyo, umgama wokuthatha iimitha ezi-5, ububanzi bezandi 20Hz～20kHz, ubuntununtunu ≥40dB
7. I-pan / i-tilt yokujonga i-thermal imaging-proof: isisombululo se-thermal imaging: 384 * 288;
Uluhlu lomlinganiselo wobushushu: -20-550 ℃, iradiyo yokujonga iimitha ezili-100;
Ukukhanya okubonakalayo okuphindaphindiweyo: amaxesha angama-33;
Ukuthe tye: 0-360 °, nkqo: -90 ~ 90 °;
Khangela kwaye ulandele imithombo yobushushu;umfanekiso we-infrared thermal unomfanekiso wokuchasa ukushukuma;inokufumana umfanekiso kunye nomsebenzi wokuhambisa ngexesha langempela;inomsebenzi wokukhangela umthombo womlilo obonakalayo

4.5 Iiparamitha zoqwalaselo lwetheminali yolawulo olukude
1. Imilinganiselo: 410*310*70mm (ngaphandle kobude be-rocker)
2. Ubunzima bomatshini wonke: 6.5kg
3. Bonisa: akukho ngaphantsi kwee-intshi ezili-10 zokukhanya okuphezulu kwesikrini se-LCD, i-4-channel yesignali yevidiyo yokutshintsha
4. Iqonga lenkqubo yokulawula: inkqubo yokusebenza yewindow7
5. Ixesha lokusebenza: 8h
6. Imisebenzi esisiseko: I-remote control kunye ne-monitor ihlanganiswe kwaye iphathekayo, kunye ne-ergonomic strap;zinokujongwa kwaye zilawulwe ngaxeshanye, kunye nokusingqongileyo okujikeleze indawo kunokubonakaliswa ngokuzinzileyo kwisilawuli esikude, kwaye ibhetri kunye nerobhothi inokuboniswa ngexesha lokwenyani I-angle ye-Slope, i-azimuth angle status, i-alamu enetyhefu kunye neyingozi yoxinzelelo lwegesi. ulwazi, njl., lawula iintshukumo zerobhothi ukuya phambili, ngasemva, kunye nokujika;lawula inkanunu yamanzi ukwenza phezulu, ezantsi, ekhohlo, ekunene, ekhoyo ngoku, i-atomization, i-self-swing kunye nezinye izenzo.Inomsebenzi we-anti-shake yomfanekiso;inomsebenzi wokuqokelela kunye nokuhanjiswa kwexesha langempela lemifanekiso ye-panoramic ye-360-degree ngaphambili, ngasemva, nakwi-robot.Indlela yothumelo lwedatha kukusasazwa ngaphandle kwamacingo kusetyenziswa imiqondiso efihliweyo.
7. ★Umsebenzi wokubeka iliso wePanorama: unokubonisa imifanekiso ye-360-degree yomzimba werobhothi ngexesha langempela
8.★Ukurekhoda kwevidiyo kunye nomsebenzi wokudlala: ividiyo inokurekhoda nangaliphi na ixesha, umxholo wevidiyo orekhodiweyo ugcinwa ngokuzenzekelayo, ividiyo inokudlalwa ngokuthe ngqo kwi-terminal yokulawula kude, okanye ividiyo inokukopishwa kwezinye izixhobo.
9. ★Ngomsebenzi wesikrini sokubonisa: inokuqhagamshelwa kwisixhobo sokubonisa njengeprojektha ngokusebenzisa ujongano lweHDMI, olulungele abalawuli bokusebenza ukuxoxa kunye nokwenza izigqibo kunye.
10. Umsebenzi wokulawula ukuhamba: Ewe, intonga enye ye-axis ye-industrial ye-axis, enye i-joystick iqonda ukusebenza okuguquguqukayo kwerobhothi ukuya phambili, ngasemva, ukujika kwesobunxele kunye nokujika kwasekunene.
11. Umsebenzi wokulawula iliso lomlilo: Ewe, i-1 ye-axis ye-industrial joystick, enye intonga yovuyo inokulawula i-monitor yamanzi ukwenza phezulu, phantsi, ekhohlo, ekunene, i-DC, kunye nezenzo ze-atomization.
12. Ulawulo kunye nokuhlaziywa kwenkqubo yokunyusa i-switch switch: Ewe, ukuziseta ngokutsha kwe-jog switch
13. Ukutshintsha kwevidiyo: Ewe, uzisete ngokutsha i-jog switch
14. Lawula umsebenzi webhanti yokutsala ngokuzenzekelayo: Ewe, ukuziseta ngokutsha kwe-jog switch
15. Umsebenzi wokulawula ukukhanya: Ewe, ukuziseta ngokutsha kwe-jog switch, ikhompyutha ebambayo yenza impendulo yokuzivalela.
16. Izixhobo ezincedisayo: intambo ye-remote control ephathwayo, i-tripod ehambayo

4.6 Umsebenzi we-Intanethi:
1. Umsebenzi weGPS: Ukubekwa kweGPS, umkhondo unokubuzwa
2. ★ Inokudityaniswa kwiqonga lolawulo lwamafu erobhothi (ukhetho): igama robot, imodeli, umenzi, indawo GPS, amandla ebhetri, ividiyo, ubushushu, ukufuma, CO2, CO, H2S, CH4, CL2, NH3, O2 inokudityaniswa , idatha ye-H2 idluliselwa kwi-platform yokulawula ifu ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi ye-4G / 5G, kwaye isimo se-robot sinokujongwa ngexesha langempela nge-terminal ye-PC / mobile.Kukulungele ukuba abalawuli benze izigqibo kunye nabaphathi bezixhobo zokulawula umjikelo wobomi berobhothi
4.7 Okunye:
★Isicwangciso sothutho olungxamisekileyo (ukhetho): irobhothi ezinikele kwinqwelwana yezothutho okanye isithuthi esinikezelweyo serobhothi

Uluhlu lokupakisha
1.1.I-robot yolwazi lokulwa nomlilo-ubungqina bokuqhuma × 1
2.2.Itheminali yolawulo olukude ephathwayo × 1
3.3.Itshaja yomzimba wemoto (336V) × isethi e-1
4.4.Itshaja yokulawula kude (19.6V) × isethi e-1
5.5.I-antenna (ukudluliselwa kwedijithali) × 2
6.6.I-antenna (ukuhanjiswa komfanekiso) × 3
7.7.Iqonga lolawulo lwamafu erobhothi × iseti eyi-1 (ukhetho)
8.Isithuthi sikaxakeka seRobhothi × 1 (ukhetho)

Isatifikethi
1.1.Isiqinisekiso sobungqina bokudubula kwawo wonke umatshini: Exd[ib]IIBT4Gb, bonelela ngesatifikethi soqobo sobungqina bokudubula ukuze sisetyenziswe
2.2.I-robot yokulwa nomlilo i-cannon yamanzi ukulawula i-motor-proof-proof: I-ExdIIBT4GB, isatifikethi sokuqala sobungqina bokudubula sinikezelwe ukuba sibhekiselele
3.3.★Isiqinisekiso sobungqina bokudubula kwerhasi kunye nemodyuli yokufumanisa imvakalelo yokusingqongileyo: ExdibIICT5GB, bonelela ngesiqinisekiso soqobo sobungqina bokudubula ukuze sisetyenziswe
4.4.★Isiqinisekiso soMlilo segesi kunye nemodyuli yokufumanisa imvakalelo yokusingqongileyo: iphumelele uhlolo lweZiko loHlolo loMgangatho weSixhobo soMlilo seSizwe kunye neZiko lokuHlola, kwaye unikeze imvelaphi yereferensi.
5.5.★Isiqinisekiso sobungqina bokudubula kweqonga eliphakamisa uqhushumbo: ExdIIBT5GB, bonelela ngesiqinisekiso soqobo sobungqina bokudubula ukuze sibhekiselele
6.6.★ Ingxelo yokuhlolwa kwezinto ezirhubuluzayo kwiirobhothi zokulwa nomlilo: ingxelo yokuhlolwa kweSizwe soMgodi wamalahle woKhuseleko-ubungqina boKhuseleko loMgangatho weMveliso kunye neZiko lokuHlola.
.Amalungu oqobo abonelelwe ngereferensi
8.★Isixhobo sokhuseleko sokuvala amanzi esizenzekelayo sifumene ilungelo elilodwa lomenzi wechiza kwi-Ofisi yePropati yoBukrelekrele kaRhulumente, kwaye imvelaphi inikezelwe ngereferensi.