Abacimi-mlilo ngabakhuseli bobomi kunye nepropathi yabantu, ngelixa iilori zomlilo zizixhobo eziphambili abacimi-mlilo abaxhomekeke kuzo ukujongana nemililo kunye nezinye iintlekele.Ilori yokuqala yomlilo ye-injini yomlilo yangaphakathi (injini yokutshisa yangaphakathi iqhuba zombini imoto kunye nempompo yomlilo) yaveliswa eJamani ngo-1910, kwaye iloli yokuqala yomlilo yelizwe lam yenziwa ngo-1932 yi-Shanghai Aurora Machinery Iron Factory.Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, iqela kunye norhulumente bafake ukubaluleka okukhulu kuphuhliso lokukhusela umlilo.Kwi-1965, iSebe lezoMlilo langaphambili leSebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku liSebe loLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo lwe-Bureau Rescue Bureau) liququzelele i-Factory ye-Fire Equipment Factory yase-Shanghai, i-Changchun Fire Equipment Factory kunye ne-Aurora Fire Machinery Factory.Abavelisi beenqwelo-mafutha bayila ngokudibeneyo kwaye benza ilori yokuqala yomlilo eveliswe ngobuninzi e-New China, i-CG13 iloli yomlilo wetanki yamanzi, e-Shanghai, kwaye yafakwa ngokusemthethweni kwimveliso ngo-1967. iye yaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu, kunye neentlobo zeemveliso ezihlukeneyo, kunye neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zomlilo ezifana nokuphakamisa iilori zomlilo kunye neelori zokuhlangula umlilo eziphuthumayo ziye zavela.
Iloli yomlilo yokuqala yaseTshayina (imodeli yeMyuziyam yoMlilo yaseChina)
Umgangatho weelori zomlilo uhambelana ngqo nokusebenza kakuhle kweukulwa umlilokunye namaqela ohlangulo ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokucima umlilo kunye nokuhlangula, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lobomi kunye nepropathi yabantu.Ngoko ke, uhlaziyo lwemigangatho yalo luyimfuneko ekuphuculeni ukulwa okusebenzayo kwamaqela okucima umlilo kunye namaqela okuhlangula.Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweelori zomlilo, kwi-1987, uMlawuli uLi Enxiang we-Shanghai Fire Science Research Institute yangaphambili yeSebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku i-Shanghai Fire Research Institute yeSebe loLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo, emva koko kuthiwa " I-Shangxiao Institute”) yongamela ukusekwa kwelori yokuqala yokucima umlilo yelizwe lam.Umgangatho onyanzelekileyo wemveliso yesizwe "Iimfuno zokusebenza kweelori zomlilo kunye neendlela zokuvavanya" (GB 7956-87).Inguqu ye-87 yomgangatho weloli yomlilo igxininise kakhulu ekuhlolweni kokusebenza kwesithuthi kunye nokuthembeka, njengokusebenza ngokukhawuleza kwesithuthi, ukunyanzeliswa kwempompo yamanzi, ukuphakamisa ixesha lokuphakamisa iloli, njl., ngokukodwa ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwempompo yomlilo, ixesha eliqhubekayo lokusebenza, njl. Inani elikhulu lezifundo zovavanyo kunye noqinisekiso lwenziwe, kunye nezinto ezinxulumene novavanyo lokwenziwa koxinzelelo lwehydraulic kunye neendlela zovavanyo zisetyenzisiwe ukuza kuthi ga ngoku.Ukuqulunqwa kunye nokuphunyezwa kwalo mgangatho wadlala indima ephambili ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kunye nokukwazi ukulwa nomlilo kwiimoto zokulwa nomlilo ngelo xesha.
Kwi-1998, ushicilelo lokuqala oluhlaziyiweyo lwe-GB 7956 "Iimfuno zokuSebenza kunye neendlela zoVavanyo lweeLori zoMlilo" zakhutshwa kwaye zaphunyezwa.Ngokusekelwe kwinguqu ye-87 yomgangatho, le nguqulo idibanisa iimeko ezithile zelizwe zokuvelisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamaloli omlilo kunye nemigangatho efanelekileyo kunye nemimiselo yezithuthi ekufuneka zilandelwe.Ikwaphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza kokulwa nomlilo kunye nokuthembeka kwezinto zokuvavanya iilori zomlilo, kwaye ihlaziywe ukusebenza kwe-braking yeelori zomlilo Iimfuno zovavanyo kunye neendlela ziye zaphucula ukuguquguquka kokucwangciswa kweelori zomlilo.Ngokubanzi, inguqu ye-98 yomgangatho welori yomlilo izuza ingcamango eqhelekileyo yenguqulo ye-87, ngokukodwa igxininise ekuphuculweni kokusebenza kwelori yomlilo.
Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo lweshishini leemoto zelizwe lam, iteknoloji yokucima umlilo kunye nokuhlangula, kunye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi yamaqela okucima umlilo kunye namaqela okuhlangula, iintlobo zeelori zomlilo ziye zahluka kakhulu.Zonke iintlobo zezinto ezintsha, ubugcisa obutsha, izixhobo ezitsha, kunye namaqhinga amatsha asetyenziswa ngamanani amakhulu Iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nobuntu bokusetyenziswa kweelori zomlilo zihlala zikhula, kwaye inguqu ye-98 yomgangatho welori yomlilo ngokuthe ngcembe ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lweemveliso zelori yomlilo.Ukuze ulungelelanise iimfuno zesimo esitsha, ukulungelelanisa imarike yelori yomlilo, kwaye ukhokele uphuhliso lwezobuchwepheshe lweemveliso zelori zomlilo, iKomiti yeSizwe yoLawulo loMgangatho ikhuphe umsebenzi wokuhlaziya umgangatho we-GB 7956 welori yomlilo kwi-Shanghai Consumer Consumer Institute. ngo-2006. Ngo-2009, umgangatho wesizwe we-GB 7956 “welori yoMlilo” wangeniswa ukuba uphononongwe.Kwi-2010, i-Fire Bureau yangaphambili yeSebe lezoKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku i-Fire Rescue Bureau ye-Ofisi yoLawulo lwezoNgxamiseko) ithathele ingqalelo ukuba izithuthi ezininzi ezibandakanyiweyo kumgangatho azizange zibe luncedo ekuphunyezweni nasekusetyenzisweni komgangatho, kwaye isigqibo. ukwahlula umgangatho ube yimigangatho ephantsi ehambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zelori zomlilo, zenza i-GB Enyanzelekileyo umgangatho wesizwe we-7956 uthotho lwelori yomlilo.Ukuqulunqwa kwalo lonke uluhlu lwemigangatho yelori yomlilo lwalulawulwa nguMlawuli uFan Hua, umphandi u-Wan Ming, kunye noPhando odibeneyo uJiang Xudong we-Shanghai Consumer Institute.Ibandakanya imigangatho engaphantsi kwe-24 (eyayi-12 ikhutshiwe yaze yaphunyezwa, i-6 ithunyelwe ukuba ivunywe, kwaye ukuhanjiswa ukuze kuhlaziywe kugqityiwe. 6), echaza iimfuno zobugcisa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso zelori zomlilo, kunye nemibandela ethile. iimfuno zobugcisa 37 iintlobo iimveliso ilori umlilo kwiindidi 4, kuquka ukulwa umlilo, ukuphakamisa, inkonzo ekhethekileyo, kunye nokhuseleko.
I-GB7956.1-2014 iNkomfa yokuKhuthaza okuMgangatho
Uthotho lwelori zomlilo ezisandula ukwenziwa ze-GB 7956 ezinyanzelekileyo zemigangatho yesizwe okokuqala ngqa zenza inkqubo esemgangathweni yelori yomlilo eTshayina.Amagatya obugcisa abandakanya imiba eyahlukeneyo yoyilo, imveliso, ukuhlolwa, ukwamkelwa, kunye nokugcinwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zomlilo.Umxholo ubanzi kwaye izikhombisi zifanelekile., Ngokusondeleyo ekulweni nomlilo wangempela, ukusebenza okuqinileyo, kunye nokuhambelana nemigangatho yemoto yangoku yaseChina, imimiselo yolawulo olufanelekileyo lweemveliso zokukhusela umlilo, kunye nemithetho yokuqinisekisa iilori zomlilo kunye neminye imimiselo kunye nemigangatho.Idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso loshishino lwelori yomlilo yaseTshayina kunye nenkqubela phambili yezobuchwepheshe..Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela uchungechunge lwemigangatho, amava aphambili abenzi bezithuthi zasekhaya kunye nabangaphandle bathunyelwe.Uninzi lweeparamitha zobugcisa zifumaneka ngophando lwasekhaya nolwangaphandle kunye nemiboniso yovavanyo.Inani leemfuno zobugcisa kunye neendlela zokuvavanya zicetywa okokuqala ngqa ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amalungelo azimeleyo epropathi enomgangatho ophezulu wokuqonda akhuthaze ukuphucuka ngokukhawuleza komgangatho weelori zomlilo zelizwe lam kunye nokukhawulezisa ukusebenza kweemveliso zangaphandle.
Uvavanyo lokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza kwe-hydraulic yelori yomlilo we-foam
Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwi-boom yelori yomlilo ephakanyisiweyo
UQinisekiso lokuZinzo loVavanyo lwelori yoMlilo ePhakamisayo
Umgangatho we-GB 7956 welori yomlilo ayisiyiyo kuphela isiseko esisisiseko sobugcisa bokufikelela kwimarike kunye nokulawulwa komgangatho weelori zomlilo, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa boyilo lwemveliso kunye nokuveliswa kwabenzi belori zomlilo.Ngexesha elifanayo, likwabonelela ngokuthengwa, ukwamkelwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweelori zomlilo kumaqela okuhlangula umlilo.Inika isiqinisekiso esithembekileyo sobugcisa.Ukongezelela ekuphunyezweni ngokupheleleyo ngamashishini, ii-arhente zokuhlola kunye neziqinisekiso kumazwe ahlukeneyo, uluhlu lwemigangatho luye lwaguqulelwa kwiinguqulelo zesiNgesi kunye nesiJamani ngabavelisi beloli zomlilo zangaphandle kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwi-European and American certification kunye nee-arhente zokuvavanya.Ukukhutshwa koluhlu lwemigangatho ye-GB 7956 kuphumeza imimiselo esebenzayo kunye nokukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili yoshishino lwelori yomlilo, ikhawulezisa umhlala-phantsi kunye nokupheliswa kobuchwephesha kunye neemveliso eziphelelwe lixesha, kwaye idlale indima enamandla ekuphuculeni inqanaba lophando kunye nophuhliso. ilizwe lam izithuthi zokulwa umlilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zeqela lokuhlangula umlilo.Nangona inegalelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ubomi nempahla yabantu, ikwakhuthaza urhwebo lwezizwe ngezizwe kunye notshintshiselwano ngobugcisa beemveliso zeelori zomlilo, nto leyo eyaphumela kwiingenelo ezinkulu kwezentlalo nezoqoqosho.Ke ngoko, uluhlu lwemigangatho luphumelele ibhaso lesithathu le-2020 China Standard Innovation Contribution Award.
Ixesha lokuposa: Aug-11-2021