Abacimi-mlilo ngabakhuseli bobomi babantu kunye nepropathi, ngelixa iilori zomlilo zizixhobo eziphambili abacimi-mlilo abaxhomekeke kuzo ukujongana nemililo kunye nezinye iintlekele. Ilori yokuqala yomlilo yenjini yokutsha yangaphakathi ehlabathini (injini yokutsha yangaphakathi iqhuba zombini imoto kunye nepompo yomlilo) yenziwa eJamani ngo-1910, kwaye ilori yokuqala yomlilo yelizwe lam yenziwa ngo-1932 yiShanghai Aurora Machinery Iron Factory. Emva kokusekwa kweNew China, iqela kunye norhulumente bagxininisa kakhulu kuphuhliso lokhuseleko lomlilo. Ngo-1965, iSebe loMlilo langaphambili leSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku yiOfisi yoKhuseleko loMlilo yoLawulo oluNgxamisekileyo) laququzelela iShanghai Fire Equipment Factory, iChangchun Fire Equipment Factory kunye neAurora Fire Machinery Factory. Abavelisi bezithuthi bayila kwaye bavelisa ilori yokuqala yomlilo eyenziwe ngobuninzi eNew China, ilori yomlilo yetanki yamanzi yeCG13, eShanghai, kwaye yaqaliswa ngokusesikweni ukuveliswa ngo-1967. Ngophuhliso olukhawulezayo loqoqosho lwentlalo, ishishini leelori zomlilo zelizwe lam nalo liphuhlile ngokukhawuleza, lineentlobo ngeentlobo zeemveliso, kwaye kuye kwavela iintlobo ngeentlobo zeelori zomlilo ezifana neelori zomlilo eziphakamisayo kunye neelori zomlilo zoncedo olungxamisekileyo.
Ilori yokuqala yomlilo yaseTshayina (umzekelo weMyuziyam yoMlilo yaseTshayina)
Umgangatho weelori zomlilo unxulumene ngokuthe ngqo nokusebenza kakuhleukulwa umlilokunye namaqela okuhlangula ekwenzeni imisebenzi yokulwa nomlilo kunye nokuhlangula, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lobomi babantu kunye nepropathi. Ke ngoko, ukuhlaziywa kwemigangatho yayo kubalulekile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokulwa kwamaqela okulwa nomlilo kunye nokuhlangula. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kunye nokuthembeka kweelori zomlilo, ngo-1987, uMlawuli uLi Enxiang weZiko loPhando lweSayensi yoMlilo laseShanghai leSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku yiShanghai Fire Research Institute yeSebe loLawulo lweeNgxamiseko, elibizwa ngokuba yi "Shangxiao Institute") wongamele ukuqulunqwa kwelori yokuqala yomlilo yelizwe lam. Umgangatho wemveliso kazwelonke oyimfuneko "Iimfuno zokusebenza kwelori yomlilo kunye neendlela zovavanyo" (GB 7956-87). Inguqulelo yama-87 yomgangatho welori yomlilo igxile kakhulu kuvavanyo lokusebenza kwesithuthi kunye nokuthembeka, njengokusebenza kokukhawulezisa imoto, uxinzelelo lokuhamba kwepompo yamanzi, ixesha lokuphakamisa ilori yokuphakamisa, njl. njl., ngakumbi ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo kwepompo yomlilo, ixesha lokusebenza okuqhubekayo, njl. Inani elikhulu lezifundo zovavanyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kuye kwenziwa, kwaye izinto ezinxulumene novavanyo lokusebenza kwe-hydraulic kunye neendlela zovavanyo ziye zasetyenziswa kude kube ngoku. Ukwakhiwa nokusetyenziswa kwalo mgangatho kwadlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kwe-hydraulic kunye nokukwazi ukulwa nomlilo kwezithuthi zokulwa nomlilo ngelo xesha.
Ngo-1998, uhlelo lokuqala oluhlaziyiweyo lwe-GB 7956 “Iimfuno Zokusebenza kunye Neendlela Zovavanyo Lweelori Zomlilo” lwakhutshwa lwaza lwasetyenziswa. Ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwe-87 lomgangatho, olu hlobo ludibanisa iimeko ezithile zesizwe zokuveliswa nokusetyenziswa kweelori zomlilo kunye nemigangatho nemigaqo efanelekileyo yezithuthi ekufuneka ilandelwe. Luphucula ngakumbi ukusebenza komlilo kunye nezinto zokuvavanya ukuthembeka kweelori zomlilo, kwaye luhlaziye ukusebenza kokubhuleka kweelori zomlilo. Iimfuno kunye neendlela zovavanyo ziphucule ukuguquguquka koqwalaselo lweelori zomlilo. Ngokubanzi, uhlobo lwe-98 lomgangatho weelori zomlilo luzuza ingcamango ngokubanzi yenguqulelo ye-87, ikakhulu igxile ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kweelori zomlilo.
Ngenxa yophuhliso olukhawulezileyo lweshishini leemoto zelizwe lam, iteknoloji yokucima umlilo kunye nokuhlangula, kunye nokwandiswa kwemisebenzi yamaqela okucima umlilo kunye nokuhlangula, iintlobo zeelori zomlilo ziye zahlukahluka kakhulu. Zonke iintlobo zezinto ezintsha, iteknoloji entsha, izixhobo ezintsha, kunye namaqhinga amatsha asetyenziswa ngobuninzi. Iimfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokwenziwa kwabantu kokusetyenziswa kweelori zomlilo zihlala zisanda, kwaye inguqulelo yama-98 yomgangatho weelori zomlilo kancinci kancinci ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zophuhliso lweemveliso zeelori zomlilo. Ukuze kuhlengahlengiswe iimfuno zemeko entsha, kulungiswe imarike yeelori zomlilo, kwaye kukhokele uphuhliso lwetekhnoloji lweemveliso zeelori zomlilo, iKomiti yoLawulo lweMigangatho yeSizwe yakhupha umsebenzi wokuhlaziya umgangatho weelori zomlilo ze-GB 7956 kwi-Shanghai Consumer Consumers Institute ngo-2006. Ngo-2009, umgangatho wesizwe we-GB 7956 “Fire Truck” ohlaziyiweyo wangeniswa ukuze uhlolwe. Ngowama-2010, iOfisi yoMlilo yangaphambili kwiSebe loKhuseleko loLuntu (ngoku yiOfisi yoKhuselo loMlilo kwiSebe loLawulo lweeNgxamiseko) yacinga ukuba izithuthi ezininzi kakhulu ezibandakanyiweyo kumgangatho azilungelanga ukuphunyezwa nokusetyenziswa komgangatho, yaza yagqiba ekubeni yahlule umgangatho ube yimigangatho engaphantsi ehambelana neentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zomlilo, yaza yenza umgangatho wesizwe onyanzelekileyo we-GB woluhlu lweelori zomlilo ezingama-7956. Ukuqulunqwa koluhlu lonke lweemigangatho zeelori zomlilo kwalawulwa nguMlawuli uFan Hua, uMphengululi uWan Ming, kunye noMphengululi oNcedisayo uJiang Xudong weShanghai Consumer Institute. Ibandakanya imigangatho engaphantsi engama-24 (apho i-12 ikhutshiwe kwaye yasetyenziswa, i-6 ingenisiwe ukuze ivunywe, kwaye ukungeniswa kwayo kugqityiwe. 6), echaza iimfuno zobugcisa ngokubanzi zeemveliso zeelori zomlilo, kunye neemfuno zobugcisa ezithile zeentlobo ezingama-37 zeemveliso zeelori zomlilo kwiindidi ezi-4, kubandakanya ukulwa nomlilo, ukuphakamisa, inkonzo ekhethekileyo, kunye nokhuseleko.
INkomfa yokuKhuthazwa okuQhelekileyo ye-GB7956.1-2014
Imigangatho yesizwe enyanzelekileyo ye-GB 7956 yochungechunge lwelori yomlilo olusandula ukwenziwa okokuqala yenza inkqubo epheleleyo yemigangatho yelori yomlilo eTshayina. Izigaba zobugcisa zigubungela iinkalo ezahlukeneyo zoyilo, imveliso, ukuhlolwa, ukwamkelwa, kunye nokugcinwa kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeelori zomlilo. Umxholo uphelele kwaye izalathisi zifanelekile. , Isondele kakhulu ekulweni komlilo, ukusebenza okuqinileyo, kwaye ihambelana nemigangatho yemoto yangoku yaseTshayina, imigaqo yolawulo olufanelekileyo lweemveliso zokukhusela umlilo, kunye nemithetho yokuqinisekiswa kwelori yomlilo kunye neminye imigaqo kunye nemigangatho. Idlale indima ebalulekileyo ekukhuthazeni uphuhliso lweshishini lelori yomlilo yaseTshayina kunye nenkqubela phambili yetekhnoloji. . Kwinkqubo yokulungiselela uthotho lwemigangatho, amava aphambili abavelisi bezithuthi zomlilo zasekhaya nezangaphandle abhekiselwe kuwo. Uninzi lweeparameter zobugcisa zifunyanwa ngophando lwasekhaya nangaphandle kunye nemiboniso yovavanyo. Iimfuno ezininzi zobugcisa kunye neendlela zovavanyo zicetywayo okokuqala ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, amalungelo obunini bobukrelekrele azimeleyo akhuthaze ukuphuculwa ngokukhawuleza komgangatho weelori zomlilo zelizwe lam kwaye akhawulezise ukusebenza kweemveliso zangaphandle.
Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwelori yomlilo enegwebu nge-hydraulic
Uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa uxinzelelo kunye noxinzelelo kwi-boom yelori yomlilo ephakanyisiweyo
Uvavanyo Lokuzinza Ukuqinisekiswa Kwelori Yomlilo Ephakanyisiweyo
Umgangatho woluhlu lweelori zomlilo ze-GB 7956 awusiso nje kuphela isiseko sobugcisa esiphambili sokufikelela kwimarike kunye nolawulo lomgangatho weelori zomlilo, kodwa kunye neenkcukacha zobugcisa zoyilo lwemveliso kunye nemveliso yabavelisi beelori zomlilo. Kwangaxeshanye, ukwabonelela ngokuthengwa, ukwamkelwa, ukusetyenziswa kunye nokugcinwa kweelori zomlilo zamaqela okuhlangula umlilo. Ibonelela ngesiqinisekiso sobugcisa esithembekileyo. Ukongeza ekusetyenzisweni ngokupheleleyo ngamashishini, ii-arhente zokuhlola kunye neziqinisekiso kumazwe ahlukeneyo, uthotho lwemigangatho lukwaguqulelwe kwiinguqulelo zesiNgesi nesiJamani ngabavelisi beelori zomlilo zangaphandle kwaye lusetyenziswa kakhulu zii-arhente zeziqinisekiso kunye novavanyo zaseYurophu naseMelika. Ukukhutshwa koluhlu lwemigangatho ye-GB 7956 kusebenzisa imigaqo esebenzayo kwaye kukhuthaza uphuhliso kunye nenkqubela phambili kushishino lweelori zomlilo, kukhawulezisa umhlala-phantsi kunye nokupheliswa kobuchwepheshe kunye neemveliso ezindala, kwaye kudlale indima enamandla ekuphuculeni umgangatho wophando kunye nophuhliso lwezithuthi zomlilo zelizwe lam kunye nokwakhiwa kwezixhobo zeqela lokuhlangula umlilo. Ngelixa lenza igalelo elibalulekileyo ekukhuseleni ubomi babantu kunye nepropathi, likwakhuthaze urhwebo lwamazwe ngamazwe kunye notshintshiselwano lobuchwephesha lweemveliso zeelori zomlilo, okubangela iingenelo ezinkulu zentlalo nezoqoqosho. Ngenxa yoko, uthotho lwemigangatho luphumelele ibhaso lesithathu leMbasa yoMvuzo weZinto ezintsha eShayina ka-2020.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-11-2021